The widespread labour shortages evident in the survey data and job opening & quit rates are only partly due to transitory factors, including enhanced unemployment benefits, childcare constraints, and virus fears. Limited international migration, the wave of retirements and mismatches in the labour market appear to be playing a bigger role and will last well into 2022. That will put sustained upward pressure on wages, which is a key reason why we expect core inflation will average 2.5% over the coming years.
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